Genotyping

Genotyping 
Fragment Analysis and Genotyping Analysis of DNA fragments allows the identification of organisms based on existing differences between their genomic sequences. Specific loci in the genome are investigated and used to define the genotype off each organism. Currently, the most sophisticated techniques are based on PCR amplification of specific polymorphic regions of the genome. These methods are widespread within a vast number of applications, amongst diverse scientific areas: genetic mapping of animals, philogentic studies with plants and microorganisms, diagnostic and forensic medicine.

In STABVIDA, we offer a service of fragment analysis that includes detection and identification of Single Nucleotide Polimorphisms (SNPs), Amplified Fragment Lenght Polymorphisms and Microsatellites. Our services may include complete reaction to simple capillary electrophoresis, and at the same time, we offer suggestions and counseling. Please, try the flexibility of our team and let us meet the specificities of your work. 

MicrosatellitesShort Tandem Repeats (STR), also called microsatellites, are regions of DNA that include a number of changeable consecutive repetitive sequences of 2 to 6 base pairs. These regions in DNA have been elected as the markers for genetic diagnosis. Their use has been increasing in other areas such as population genetics, keen correlation analysis, and genetic mapping. Microsatellites present some desirable carachteristics: they can be found in a relatively large number and regularly distributed throughout several regions in genomic DNA. Moreover, they are extremely heterozygous. At STABVIDA, the analysis of Microsatellites is performed by PCR amplification of specific loci using primers labeled with fluorescent markers. The amplified fragments ate then separated by capillary electrophoresis and identified through fluorescent emission.Technically, microsatellites offer diverse advantages:

1. Being their size so greatly reduced one can co-amplify more than one locus in a single PCR reaction.
2. Their discrete soizes allow an easy interpretation of the results.
3. The PCR amplification makes it possible to analyze degradated DNA fragments of extremely reduced amounts of DNA.
4. Reduced analysis time. 

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in the DNA strand that occur when there is a change in a genome single base pair. It is estimated that the Human Genome contain more than 3 million SNPs shared by the great majority of people, where 2/3 of these shared SNPs are the substitution of cytosine for thymine. Nevertheless, some of the most important investigation groups are making efforts to find and map as many SNPs as possible, because:

1. Some SNPs flank mutations that are associated with diseases;
2. At an evolutionary point of view, SNPs are very stable, because they dont suffer big changes when they are passed to next generation, so the SNP analysis may help in establishing relations between population groups. 

Besides this, it is thought that some SNPs are asssociated with the responde to some drug treatments. In this case, SNP finding and carachterization will contribute for the improvement of medical tratments in the future.

Customised Genome wide associations studies

We offer high throughput screening projects based on newly designed assays. Genotyping can be performed both for known genetic variations and for new, undiscovered mutations. We will store the assay so that our customers can easily ship new series of samples for subsequent screening. Samples may be delivered as purified DNA or as raw material. Primers may be provided by the customer or designed and synthesised by STAB VIDA